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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 

BUREAU OF EDUCATION. 



PRELIMINARY CIRCULAR 



RESPECTING THE 



P 



EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 



AT THE 






WORLD'S INDUSTRIAL AND COTTON CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION. 



WASHINGTON; 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1884. 



15321 1 






~*h&- 



WORLD'S INDUSTRIAL AND COTTON CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION. 



Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, 

Washington, D. C, May 14, 1884. 

The exhibition of the conditions of education and of the improvements in the appli- 
cation of its principles and methods has been found to be one of the most effective aids 
in its recent rapid advancement. An international exhibition at the present time 
which does not make education prominent is a misrepresentation. The World's Indus- 
trial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, to be opened in New Orleans December 1, 1884, 
has recognized this truth, and offers educators of all nationalities an opportunity to 
illustrate the work done by them, the improvement of educational appliances and con- 
ditions, and the relation of education to the progress of mankind in industry, com- 
merce, and all other pursuits of civilized life. The managers of the exposition have 
not only provided for but require that unity of exhibition which educators have de- 
sired in other world's fairs, but have not been able to secure. They have shown by 
their treatment of education in their preliminary announcements, by their invitations 
to educators, and by their appeals to this Office for its cooperation, that they reckon 
the improvement of schools and the promotion of general culture as among the most 
beneficial results to be attained by their efforts. 

The educators of the United States are alive to the importance of this opportunity. 
The Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association, at its 
meeting in February last, appointed a committee, consisting of Hon. G. J. Orr, State 
school commissioner, Georgia ; Hon. H. Clay Armstrong, State superintendent of edu- 
cation, Alabama ; Hon. W. O. Rogers, superintendent of schools, New Orleans, La. ; 
Hon. Aaron Gove, superintendent of schools, Denver, Colo.; Hon. J. H. Smart, presi- 
dent of Purdue University, La Fayette, Ind. ; Hon. T. W. Bicknell, Boston, Mass., 
president of the National Educational Association ; and Hon. B. L. Butcher, State 
superintendent of free schools, West Virginia, and president of the Department of 
Superintendence, to cooperate with this Office in preparing for the exhibition of the 
education of the United States. It is expected that this committee will meet for con- 
ference on details of plans as soon as circumstances warrant and extended announce- 
ment will then be made. On account of present impatient demands for information 
and a growing desire to begin the preparation of exhibits during this school year 
(ending June next), this Office publishes, as the first available official information 
since the general announcement, the accompanying communication of the Director- 
General of the Exposition, Maj. E. A. Burke, to the President of the United States, 
forwarded by him to Congress on the 6th instant, and also the list of subjects embraced 
in the general announcement under " Group 8 : Education and Instruction, Apparatus 
and Processes of the Liberal Arts." Since the transmittal of Major Burke's report to 
Congress that body has passed a bill making a loan of $1,000,000 to the managers of 
the Exposition ; and the National Government has shown further interest in the suc- 
cess of the enterprise through the action of the President, who has issued an order 
for the participation in it of the Executive Departments, the Department of Agri- 
culture, the Bureau of Education, and the Smithsonian Institution. 

It may be suggested to those preparing educational material for earlier exhibitions, 
such as that connected with the meeting of the National Educational Association at 

3 



Madison, Wis., and those to be held in Missouri, North Carolina, and elsewhere, that 
they prepare their exhibits so that they may also be included in the exhibition of 
education at New Orleans. 

It may be further noted that the Department of Superintendence, at its meeting 
already referred to, considered favorably the holding of a winter meeting at New 
Orleans during the continuance of the exposition. It appointed a committee, con- 
sisting of Hon. M. A. Newell, State superintendent of public instruction, Maryland ; 
Hon. W. T. Harris, ll. d., Concord, Mass.; William H. Payne, a. m., professor 
of the science and art of teaching, University of Michigan; Hon. Le Roy D. Brown, 
State commissioner of common schools, Ohio ; and Hon. A. Coward, State superin- 
tendent of common schools, South Carolina, to consider the organization of a perma- 
nent and international council of education, as proposed by prominent European edu- 
cators. It may seem to them expedient to effect the organization of such a council, 
or congress, at New Orleans the coming winter. 

JOHN EATON, 

Commissioner. 



REPORT OF E. A. BURKE, DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE WORLD'S INDUSTRIAL AND COT- 
TON CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION, TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

New Orleans, April 19, 1884. 
To the President : 

In behalf of the board of management of the World's Industrial and Cotton Cen- 
tennial Exposition, created under act of Congress approved February 10, 1883, I have 
the honor to submit the following condensed statement of the operations of said board 
and observations touching the progress of the National and International Exposition 
provided for by the act. Congress required that the city named as the location for 
the exposition should subscribe to the amount of $500,000. In addition to compliance 
with this requirement the city of New Orleans, in its corporate capacity, has donated 
the use of its principal park, containing 247 acres of ground, and has appropriated 
$100,000. 

The governor of Louisiana will recommend a liberal appropriation by the legisla- 
ture of the State, which will assemble in May. Finding the sums thus provided in- 
adequate to meet the demands for space from foreign countries, from the States and 
Territories, and from individual exhibitors throughout this and other countries, the 
board of management have called upon the citizens to increase their subscriptions to 
$1,000,000, and under this call additional sums are being subscribed from week to 
week. The plans of the management have been in strict conformity to the act of 
Congress. Plans for the main building were opened to general competition. 

The building is handsome and commodious, being 1,375 feet in length and 905 feet 
in width, affording 1,656,300 square feet of floor space, with convenient apartments 
attached for police, tire department, public comfort, offices, meeting rooms for various 
national organizations, and with a central music hall capable of seating 11,000 per- 
sons, and a machinery hall 1,375 feet in length by 250 feet in width. The main build- 
ing covers 32 acres of ground. Two hundred and fifty thousand square feet of space 
have been reserved in the centre of the building for foreign Governments, and an equal 
amount for the United States Government and collective exhibits of the States and 
Territories. 

The applications for space from foreign and United States exhibitors, eight months 
before the opening of the exposition, call for about 900,000 feet of exhibiting space. 
Hence, although this exhibition building is the largest ever erected, it is found inad- 
equate to meet the demands. 

Eleven foreign Governments have indicated their intention to participate, and I 
have been informed that many others have only delayed official action awaiting in- 
formation as to the progress of the preparation and importance of the event. Thirty- 
two States and Territories have applied for space, and I am informed that the delay 
in other States is due to the time of assembling of their respective legislatures and 
to the fact that in some cases no session of the general assembly can be held until 
after the date fixed for the opening of the exposition. In many of such places the 
people of the respective counties are perfecting local organizations and raising the 
funds to secure a display of the resources of their State by local contribution. 

The horticultural hall is said to be the largest conservatory ever erected. It is GOO 
feet in length, 194 feet in centre, with glass roof, a glass tower 90 feet in height, cold 
storage attachment for preserving fruit, and with heating apparatus. It is designed 



to have an international exhibition of plants and shrubbery arranged around the 
sides of this building under cover and an international display of fruits extending 
throughout the central spaces of the building. 

Mexico has consented to adorn the main centre with royal palms and choice plants 
from that country. The largest fruit display heretofore made was 11,000 plates. We 
are assured of an exhibit of 20,000 plates. A liberal premium list has been made in 
money and medals. 

Adjoining the horticultural hall Mexico will occupy 200,000 feet of space for a gar- 
den. The Kepublics of Central America will occupy 250,000 feet of garden space ad- 
joining, and an equal amount will be embellished by Florida and California. Choice 
grounds adjoining the conservatory have been reserved for the United States Depart- 
ments and foreign horticulturists. 

Provision has been made for an art gallery, to be composed of marble and stone 
from the quarries of the respective States and Territories and from such foreign coun- 
tries as see proper to contribute specimens, but I regret to say that the means now 
at our disposal will not permit us to erect a building of sufficient dimensions for 
the accommodation of one-half the art. exhibits at our command. The collections 
from some of the foreign countries, both of art treasures and antique relics, will be of 
the most interesting character, and we hope to be able to enlarge our building in such 
a manner as to accommodate a truly international and national art exhibit. 

One hundred thousand feet of space in the main building have been designated for 
an agricultural hall. Forty acres of ground have been laid off for growing farms, ex- 
perimental aud vegetable gardens, and 40 acres of ground provided with buildings for 
the accommodation of live stock, poultry, birds, dogs, &c, with' a half-mile stock 
arena, wherein sales of live stock will be permitted on stated days. 

Extensive accommodations have been provided for the display of sawmills, wood 
working machinery, brick, tile, and other like factories in motion. 

Arrangements are being perfected for an electrical or steam railway, to be operated 
for the accommodation of visitors, connecting with all points of interest within the 
grounds ; arrangements are also being perfected for the extension of a trunk railroad 
track into th« main building, by means of which exhibits from all parts of the coun- 
try can be discharged within the building and visitors by rail can be deposited near 
the entrance. 

A wharf adjoining the exposition grounds will be provided for the accommodation 
of exhibits and visitors arriving by steamship or steamboat. 

The grounds will be embellished with six lakes and generous collections of ever- 
greens from the United States and the Latin American countries, presenting groves 
of cedar, pine, pomegranate, magnolia, lemon, palm, orange, cocoanut, banana, &c. 

The railroads have responded to our request tor low rates on freight and passengers- 
in the most generous manner. One hundred and sixty lines of railroads have agreed 
to a maximum rate on passengers of 1 cent per mile, and the excursion rate will fre- 
quently be as low as one-half and three-quarters of a cent per mile. 

The facilities and arrangements for bringing the people of the United States and 
Canada to this exposition are both systematic and exte nsive. 

Suitable space has been set aside and steps have been taken by the board for the 
organization of a department of woman's work, under the direction of leading ladies 
interested in opening to the women of our country an opportunity to occupy inde- 
pendent positions in the economy and industries of the world. 

Extensive preparations have been made for a national educational display, for 
which Ave have the indorsement of the National Educational Association, composed 
of State and city superintendents, and the cordial cooperation of the Commissioner 
of Education. No subject claims greater attention on the part of our people, and the 
effect of this school of instruction wiD be to impart a healthy impulse to the cause of 
education and a better knowledge of methods. Already local educational societies 
are being organized throughout the State of Louisiana, and I am sure that the expo- 
sition will secure for the cause of education a more liberal provision from all of the 
backward States. 

It is the desire of the management to construct a building within which may be 
grouped the exhibits of the respective Departments of the United States Government 
and the collective exhibits of the natural resources of all the States and Territories. 

Aside from the manifest benefits accruing to the whole country from a better un- 
derstanding between the representatives of the arts and sciences, agriculture, manu- 
factures, and commerce, we may rejoice at the happy results flowing from an inter- 
mingling of the people of America in a grand national reunion. 

The Centennial celebration at Philadelphia promoted kinder relations between ail 
the people, stimulated the pride and interest of all citizens in the national welfare, 
and awakened an interest in industrial development which has found eloquent ex- 
pression through the expositions of Boston, Atlanta, Louisville, Cincinnati, St. Louis, 
Chicago, and Denver. 



"We hope and believe that the good work thus begun at Philadelphia may be con- 
summated at New Orleans : that the whole people may there celebrate the end of sec- 
tional acerbity and proclaim a new era of fraternal feeling and industrial progress. 
Time, place, and circumstances combine to render this a fitting occasion for pre- 
senting to the world our wondrous resources, and to invoke the presence of foreign 
nations as witnesses of the unity of our people and the strength of our institutions. 
Very respectfully, 

E. A. BURKE, 
Director- Gen eral. 



letter op director-general burke to commissioner eaton. 

World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 

Washington, D. C, May 17, 1884. 

Sir: Your request for any further data touching the preparation for the World's 
Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition is received. 

In addition to my report to the President I beg to say that the progress in all de- 
partments is very rapid and encouraging, and I would respectfully submit several 
items which may be of interest to you and the educators of the country. 

Many people wonder how a large attendance can be secured to an exhibition of 
this character in New Orleans, so far from the centre of the population of the United 
states. This centre of population, it will be noticed, is almost directly north of us,. 
and I have made computations like the following which may show the basis on which 
our expectations rest : 

(1) The adult population of the ten States contiguous to New Orleans is as follows i 

Adults. 

Texas 689,852 

Louisiana 431, 339- 

Mississippi 476, 866- 

Arkansas 343, 151 

Alabama 541, 01O 

Florida 119,610 

Georgia 664, 405 

South Carolina 426,647 

North Carolina 620,731 

Tennessee 674, 252 

Total 4,987,869 

Should 25 per cent, of these visit the exposition there would be 1,246,967 visitors, 
and if we should assume that one-half of the visitors from these States would enter 
twice there would be 1,870,450. 

(2) Take the twelve Middle and Western States having close rail and water com- 
munication with New Orleans, namely : 

Adults. 

Kentucky 743,787 

Ohio 1,629,447 

Indiana 961,597 

Illinois 1,506,272 

Missouri 1,006,989 

Michigan 860, 007 

Wisconsin 640,078 

Minnesota 374, 536 

Iowa 773,905 

Dakota 75,714 

Nebraska 218,348 

Kansas 467, 841 

Total 9,258,521 

Assuming that 5 per cent, of these adults visit the exposition once, the visitors from 
these States would reach 462,926. 

(3) Take the following eleven States and Territories, giving a total of 1,006,420 
adults, and should 5 per cent, attend they would furnish 50,321 visitors: 

Adults. 

New Mexico 59, 826 

Arizona 26,200 

California 499,825 

Oregon 90,477 



Adults. 

Washington Territory 40, 167 

Colorado 127,273 



Utah 

Nevada . . . 

Idaho 

Montana.. 
Wyoming. 



61,639 
41,605 
19,311 
26, 692 
13, 405 



Total 



1, 006, 4c0 



(4.) Turning to the following thirteen States, having a total adult population of 
9,668,627, and estimating that 2 per cent, of these visit the exposition, this attendance 
would aggregate 193,373 : 

Adults. 

Virginia 692,836 

West Virginia 273,580 

Maryland 471, M)5 

Delaware 75,690 

Pennsylvania 2, 200, 115 

New Jersey 609, 657 

New York 2,868,207 

Connecticut 365, 918 

Massachusetts 1,063,710 

Ehode Island.... 162,743 

Vermont 192,134 

New Hampshire 216, 154 

Maine 377,620 

District of Columbia 98,458 



Total 



668, 627 



All will admit that these are moderate estimates and he inclined to a broader basis 
and one more consistent with the scope of the enterprise, which is that of a national 
and international exposition, with all the States and Territories interested. 

Again I may call attention to transportation. All are familiar with the facilities of 
water communication with New Orleans, by ocean, gulf, and river. It may be added 
that before the opening of the exposition we shall have six railroads terminating in 
the city, two on the west and four on the east side of the river. Another important 
assurance of a large attendance is the low transportation rates already secured. These 
low rates, already secured by written agreements with railroad companies extending 
over the United States and into Canada, must exert a great influence in nationalizing 
the exposition. 

The rate of 1 cent per mile will make the fare from — 



Halifax $22 91 

Montreal, Canada 17 14 

Boston 15 65 

New York 13 31 

Philadelphia 12 41 

Baltimore 11 43 

Washington 11 03 

Richmond 10 45 

Winnipeg, Manitoba 17 45 



St. Paul $12 91 



Detroit . 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

Louisville 

Portland, Oreg 
San FraD cisco . 
Denver, Colo.. 
St. Louis 



10 87 

9 15 

8 25 

7 41 

32 02 

24 49 

15 20 

6 98 



Proportionately low rates are made for all of the ten States contiguous to New Or- 
leans, and reduced rates for special excursions. 

The following note will give the latest information in reference to the progress of 
the work on the buildings : 

" New Orleans, May 10, 1884. 
"E. A. Burke, Director- General : 

" Notwithstanding the inclement weather, during the week 400,000 feet of lumber 
have been put in position in the main building. Seven hundred thousand feet were 
received. The framing of the outside section is complete. The Saint Charles street 
side and two-thirds of the frame elevation is sided in. The cornices are under con- 
struction. When these three are complete it only remains to set the principal trusses, 
of which four hundred are ready for position. The roofer has finished 80,000 feet. 
The outside walls are ready for the painter, who begins Monday. Glazing begins 
next week. Nearly six hundred men was the average during the week. The framing 
for Horticultural Hall is nearly complete and in position, except the large arches, 
which will be placed next week. The sash contract for Horticultural Hall has been 
awarded Warren Bros., Nashville. The glass for this building is en route. 

"RICHARD NIXON, Secretary:' 



I may further add in regard to business methods that all contracts have been made 
on a strict business basis after public advertisement. Contract for glazing made, 
St. Louis j sash, Milwaukee ; roofing Cincinnati ; bronze ornaments, Salem, Ohio ; 
5,000 kegs of nails, Pittsburgh ; 5,000 boxes of glass, Philadelphia ; Horticultural 
Hall, New York City; sash Horticultural Hall, Nashville, Tenn. 

The construction is under the supervision of competent architects, and every de- 
tail of expense is scrutinized by a building committee of the management. 

Part of the buildings at Philadelphia were permanent and all of them were designed 
to comport with the sentiment of national pride then celebrated. 

The centennial of cotton being commemorative of the first shipment from America 
of an industrial factor in the world's progress may be celebrated with less expense 
and display, notwithstanding the fact that it clothes a majority of the peoples of the 
world and has grown in production in America from six bags for export in 1784, when 
the world's supply was 11,250,000 pounds, in one hundred years to 3,405,070,410 pounds, 
or 85 per cent, of the world's crop. 

As the World's Exposition at New Orleans owes its dimensions to the Centennial, it 
is proper that we should profit by its experience and that of other expositions in re- 
spect to grouping displays and securing results on limited expense. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 

E. A. BURKE, 
Director- General. 

Hon. John Eaton, 

United States Commissioner of Education. 



OFFICERS OF THE EXPOSITION. 
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT. 

Edmund Richardson, president, is the largest cotton planter and cotton factor in 
the world. Estimated worth, $10,000,000. 

Albert Baldwin, of Louisiana, vice-president, is president of the New Orleans Na- 
tional Bank ; of the firm of A. Baldwin & Co. ; president New Orleans Water Works 
Company. 

William B. Schmidt, of Louisiana, of firm of Schmidt & Zeigler, one of the largest 
produce houses in the United States. 

Governor R. M. Patton, of Alabama, ex-governor of Alabama, member of Centen- 
nial Commission. 

Hon. Thomas Hardeman, jr., member of Congress, member of Centennial Commis- 
sion. 

Hon. Duncan F. Kenner, Louisiana, president New Orleans Gas Company, ex-mem- 
ber of tariff commission. 

Jules C. Denis, Louisiana, president New Orleans Cotton Press Association. 

Simon Hernsheim, Louisiana, firm of S. Hernsheim & Brother, largest tobacco 
manufacturers in the South. 

Samuel H. Buck, Louisiana, cotton firm of S. H. Buck & Co., New Orleans, Henry 
Heintz & Co., New York. 

John V. Moore, Louisana, firm of Bickham & Moore, large cotton factors. 

E. M. Hudson, Louisiana, lawyer. 
G. A. Breaux, Louisiana, lawyer. 

F. C. Morehead, Mississippi, president National Cotton Planters' Association of 
America. 

ADVISORY FINANCE COMMITTEE. 

Hon. W. J. Behan, mayor New Orleans, of firm of Zuberbier & Behan, large 
produce house ; Joseph H. Oglesby, president Louisiana National Bank; Robert S. 
Howard, president Chamber of Commerce, New Orleans; A. J. Gomila, firm Gordon 
& Gomila, grain dealers; C. M. Sorla, president New Orleans Sanitary and Fertilizing 
Company, treasurer — died a few days ago. 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. 

E. A. Burke, director-general, State treasurer of Louisiana and manager Times- 
Democrat, and Samuel Mullen, secretary and chief of installation. 

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. 

This is under the supervision of the committee of the Mississippi Valley Horticult- 
ural Society: Parker Earle, of Illinois; P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia; and Charles 



9 

W. Garfield, of Michigan. Parker Earle, Illinois, chief of department; Prof. W. H. 
Ragan, Indiana, superintendent of pomology; Prof. S. M. Tracy, Missouri, superin- 
tendent of plants and trees ; Hon. P. J. Berckmans, Georgia, foreign commissioner. 

Appointments to all positions are made with reference to fitness and with a view o£ 
imparting a national character to the enterprise. 



CLASSIFICATION OF EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITS — GROUP 8. 

[Extract from general announcement.] 

Class 801. — Education of children, primary instruction, instruction of adults. 

Plans and models of infant schools and Kindergarten, orphan asylums and nurseries ; 
system, management, and furniture of such establishments; appliances for instruction 
suitable for the physical, moral, and intellectual training of the child previous to its 
entering school. 

Plans and models of scholastic establishments for town and country; system of 
management and furniture for tbese establishments; appliances for instruction : books, 
maps, charts, apparatus, and models. 

Plans and models of scholastic establishments for adult and professional instruction ; 
system of management and furniture of these establishments ; appliances for aduit 
and professional instruction. 

Appliances for the elementary teaching of music, singing, foreign languages, book- 
keeping, political economy, practical agriculture and horticulture, technology, and 
drawing. 

Appliances adapted to the instruction of the blind and of deaf-mutes. 

Specimens of the work of pupils of both sexes. 

libraries and publications. 

Class 802. — Organization and appliances for secondary instruction. 

Plans and models of establishments for secondary instruction : lyceums, grammar 
schools, colleges, industrial and commercial schools ; arrangement and furniture of 
such establishments. 

Collections : classical works, maps, and globes. 

Appliances for technological and scientific instruction and for teaching the fine 
arts, drawing, music, and singing. 

Apparatus and methods for instruction in gymnastics, fencing, and military exer- 
cises. 

Apparatus and methods for instruction in telegraphy, phonography, and stenog- 
raphy. 

Class 803. — Organization, methods, and appliances for superior instruction. 

Plans and models of academies, universities, medical schools, practical schools, 
technical and mechanical schools, schools of agriculture, observatories, scientific mu- 
seums, amphitheatre s, lecture rooms, laboratories for instruction and research. 

Furniture and arrangements of such establishments. 

Apparatus, collections, and appliances intended for higher instruction and scientific 
research. 

Special exhibitions of learned, technical, agricultural, mechanical, commercial, and 
industrial societies and institutions, scientific expeditions. 

Class 804. — Printing and books. 

Specimens of typography ; autographic proofs ; lithographic proofs, black or col- 
ored ; proofs of engravings. 

New books and new editions of books already known ; collections of works forming 
special libraries; periodical publications, drawings, atlases, and albums. 

Class 805. — Stationery, book binding, painting, and drawing material. 

Paper, .card, and pasteboard ; inks, chalks, pens, pencils, pastels ; all things neces- 
sary for writing desks and offices: inkstands, copying presses, letter scales, &c. 

Objects made of paper : lamp shades, lanterns, flowerpot covers. 

Registers, copybooks, albums, account books, memorandum books ; bindings, loose 
covers for books, cases, &c. 

Various products used in water color painting and tinting ; colors in cakes ; pastels, 
bladders, tubes, and shells; instruments and artists' stationery. 

Apparatus for the use of painters, draughtsmen, engravers, 'and modellers. 



10 

Class 80C— General application of the arts of drawing and modelling. 

Designs for industrial purposes ; designs obtained, reproduced, or reduced by me- 
chanical processes. 

Decorative paintings, lithographs, chromo-lithographs, or engravings for industrial 
purposes. 

Models and small articulated wooden models of figures, ornaments, &c. 

Carvings, cameos, seals, and various objects decorated with engravings ; objects 
modelledfor industrial purposes, produced by mechanical processes, reductions; photo- 
sculpture, &c, casts. 

Class 807. — Photographic proof 8 and apparatus. 

Photographs on paper, glass, wood, stuifs, and enamel; heliographic engravings^ 
lithographic proofs ; photo-lithographic proofs, photographic stereotypes, stereoscopic 
proofs, stereoscopes ; enlarged photographs ; color photographs. 

Instruments, apparatus, and chemicals necessary for photography. 

Materials and appliances used in photographic studios. 

Class 808. — Musical instruments. 

Non-metallic wind instruments, with common mouth-pieces, with reeds, with or 
without air reservoirs. 

Metallic wind instruments, simple, with lengthening pieces, with slides, with pis- 
ton, with keys, with reeds ; wind instruments with key boards, organs, accordions,. 
&c. 

Stringed instruments played with the fingers, or the bow, without key boards. 

Stringed instruments, with key-boards, pianos, &c; instruments played by percus- 
sion or friction ; automaton instruments, barrel organs, bird organs ; separate parts 
of musical instruments, and orchestral appliances. 

Class 809.— Medicine, hygiene, and public relief. 

Appliances, instruments, and apparatus requisite for anatomical and histological 
work. 

Plastic anatomical models. 

Instruments of medical research. 

Apparatus and instruments for dressing wounds and for simple surgery, general and 
local ; anaesthetic apparatus. 

Surgical instruments grouped according to their purposes; instruments for ampu- 
tations, resection. 

Special instruments : obstetrics, ovariotomy, urinary channels, ophthalmology, den- 
tistry, &c. ; electro-therapeutic apparatus. 

Apparatus for plastic and mechanical prothesis. 

Orthopedic apparatus. 

Trusses, artificial limbs. 

Apparatus for restoring persons apparently drowned or suffocated. 

Baths and hydro-therapeutic apparatus, gymnastic apparatus for medical and hy- 
gienic purposes. 

Plans and models of hospitals, various asylums, houses of refuge, almshouses, luna- 
tic asylums; arrangements and furniture for such establishments. 

"Various apparatus for infirm persons, invalids, and lunatics. 

Accessory objects for the medical, surgical, and pharmaceutical services in hospitals 
or infirmaries. 

Chests and cases of instruments and medicines for military and naval surgeons - r 
means and apparatus for succoring the wounded on the battlefield; civil and military 
ambulances. 

Appliances, instruments, apparatus, and all things requisite for veterinary surgery. 

Class 810.— Mathematical and philosophical instruments. 

Apparatus and instruments used for mathematical purposes. 

Apparatus and instruments illustrating practical geometry, land surveying, topog- 
raphy, and geodesy; compasses, calculating machines, levels, mariners' c®mpasses* 
barometers. 

Apparatus and instruments for measurement, verniers, micrometric screws, divid- 
ing machines, scales for scientific uses, &c. 

Optical instruments, astronomical instruments. 

Physical and meteorological instruments. 



11 

Instruments and apparatus requisite for laboratories and observatories. 
Weights and measures of various countries. 
Coins and medals. 

Class 811. — Maps and geographical and cosmographical apparatus. 

Topographical, geographical, geological, hydrographical, and astronomical maps 
atlases, &c. 

Physical maps of every kind; plans in relief. 

Terrestrial and celestial globes and spheres. 

Statistical works and tables. 

Tables and ephemerides for the use of astronomers and sailors. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



III! 
021 517 470 



